Augmentation mammoplasty is a type of plastic surgery to enlarge and correct the shape of the breast.The operation is performed using special implants, which are almost in no way inferior to natural mammary glands.
what is
Breast augmentation with implants is a plastic surgery that allows you to correct the mammary glands.This technique is used for women who have sagging breasts, their shape and volume change, for example, as a result of childbirth or breastfeeding.
Augmentation mammoplasty is one of the methods of surgical breast enlargement and correction of its shape.
The operation is prescribed after a comprehensive examination and is performed in a hospital.
In this case, implants of different shapes, content and volume are used, which can be installed under the fascia, gland or pectoral muscle.
The location of the wounds can also vary.In order to prevent the development of complications after the intervention, it is necessary to strictly follow the rules of care.
In order for the mammary glands to look more natural after the operation, the specialist will give you recommendations on choosing the size of the implants.
Types of prostheses
All materials are divided into several types.
according to the content
They are divided into several types.
silicone
They consist of cohesive gels of varying degrees of density.The peculiarity of such implants is that they do not leak in case of damage.
salt
Filling: saline solution.Such products are less popular than others, but their cost will be somewhat lower.In addition, they have a shorter shelf life, and when worn on the skin, pimples and bumps can form.
Placement of selected implants is a key step in augmentation mammoplasty.
The rehabilitation process and how painful it will be depends on their correct location and tissue contact.
With the competent actions of the surgeon, it is easy to avoid most of the complications.
Hydrogel
This is a new generation bioimplant.It is fully compatible with the human body, which almost completely eliminates the risk of rejection.Hydrogel has many positive properties and its quality is in no way inferior to silicone prostheses.Their advantages are elasticity, safety and non-toxicity.
according to the form
Experts distinguish between round and teardrop-shaped implants.The first ones are used for small changes in the mammary glands.Breast augmentation with round implants is suitable for women who want to achieve a natural breast shape.
Depending on the surface type and profile
The surface of the prosthesis can be smooth or rough.
There are also high and low implants.
When choosing a product, the doctor should take into account the patient's age, weight, height, body type, breast structure, condition of the mammary glands and their size.
Access methods
To insert the implant into the chest cavity, specialists use three types of tissue dissection, as a result of which the vacuum space is changed.
periareolar
Breast tissue is excised in the area of the areola.The main advantage of this technique is that the doctor has the opportunity not only to correct the shape of the breast, but also to change its position.
After surgery, the scar almost completely disappears over time.
underwater
An incision is made under the breast along the fold line.In terms of invisibility of scars, this method is considered the most convenient, since the seam is located in the place where the mammary gland covers the skin of the body.
axillary
Includes cuts in the area near the arms.The method is sloppy and more complicated;Scars will be placed in a visible place.In addition, in this case it is difficult to place the implants correctly in the pocket between the mammary gland and the muscle.
Location of prostheses
They can be located under the muscle fascia, under the breast or under the pectoralis major muscle.A combined method is often used, in which several location tactics are combined at the same time.
Difficulty categories
To determine this indicator, the following values should be taken into account:
- pointAccess;
- Volumesurgical intervention;
- anatomicalpropertiesand the desired size of the prosthesis;
- generalconditionclients;
- the presence of a relativelimitationsbefore surgery.
Plastic surgery includes three categories of difficulty.
first
Difficulty level 1 augmentation mammoplasty includes periareolar access and endoprosthetics.At the same time, the method is characterized by moderate trauma and a minimal amount of surgical intervention.
second
The patient's condition is satisfactory.Prosthesis with a vertical scar is made;Considers the average level of intervention and trauma.
the third
There are relative limitations that can cause complications.An anchor lift is performed during which the implants are installed.
testimonials
Mammoplasty is performed not only to improve the appearance of the breasts, but also to eliminate deformities and other defects.
The main indications for plastic surgery include:
- smallSizebreast
- Asymmetry;
- lying downProlapse of the breast or areola, which can occur against the background of rapid weight loss;
- to changeformsas a result of lactation or childbirth;
- Hyperpigmentationpacifier;
- incorrectly performedplasticbefore that;
- deformationCongenital rounding.
However, the main factor still remains the aesthetic transformation.
Contraindications
Breast correction using gel or silicone prosthesis has its absolute and relative limitations.
The first group includes:
- Diseasesinternal organs with severe disease;
- ageup to 18 years;
- the period of infancyfeeding;
- Cancer;
- mentalAbnormalities and epileptic seizures;
- violationcoagulationblood
- infections.
Relative contraindications include:
- fiber nodesinside the mammary gland;
- bigweight;
- Syphilisand HIV;
- chronic formHepatitis;
- Diseasesautoimmunesystems, for example, rheumatism, nephritis, scleroderma;
- varicosedilation of veins
In addition, it is not recommended to perform diabetes surgery during the compensation stage.The operation should be postponed during menstruation or in case of an unreasonable increase in body temperature.
Preparation
Augmentation mammoplasty involves preparation.
It is important to visit several specialists.The surgeon checks the mammary glands, the condition of the skin in this area and determines the size and volume of the breast.In addition, the doctor will tell you about the actions, results and outcome during the surgical procedure.
Consultation with a gynecologist, mammologist and therapist will help to identify any limitations of the operation.The anesthesiologist will help you determine the presence of individual intolerance and the tendency to develop an allergic reaction to the drugs and materials used.
After that, the patient is referred for a laboratory examination, which may include the following tests:
- blood and urine;
- biochemistry;
- during HIV, syphilis and hepatitis;
- sugar test
- group and Rh factor;
- Coagulogram.
Instrumental examination includes fluorography, radiography, electrocardiogram and ultrasound examinations.
In the presence of chronic pathological processes, it will be necessary to obtain a report from the attending physician, which will indicate the duration of remission.
If there are no contraindications for surgical intervention, a woman should follow a number of recommendations during the preparation stage.
No later than one and a half weeks before the expected date, you must stop smoking and drinking alcohol.Do not expose your body to stressful situations and nervous overload.You will also need to stop taking medicines that reduce blood clotting.
performance technique
It is possible to come to the clinic the day before or directly on the day of surgery.Before that, the doctor may advise the patient to take sedatives at night, which will help relieve nervous tension and get a good night's sleep.In the morning, the woman's blood pressure and body temperature are measured in the hospital.
After that, the specialist administers general anesthesia.The surface of the skin in the area of the mammary glands is treated with an antiseptic solution, catheters are installed, and the body is connected to a special device that allows you to monitor the condition of the body during the operation.
After receiving the anesthetic effect, the doctor directly continues the manipulation.Cutting to the required length is done in a pre-selected place.The tissue is carefully cut away to create a pocket in which the implant will later be placed.To stop the bleeding, the vessel is cauterized.
Then the surgeon removes the endoprosthesis and puts it in the desired position through the incision.After all the manipulations, a suture and a fixing bandage are applied to the wound.A garment rests on the mammary glands, which will prevent the implant from moving to the side.
recovery period
First of all, it is necessary to take proper care of the wound surface, which will not only prevent the formation of pustules, but also speed up the healing process.
As a rule, a self-absorbable suture is placed on the incision and does not need to be removed.After about 7 days, the patient will only need to remove the nodules that protrude above the surface of the skin.
To prevent scarring, you will need to apply a plaster to the seam and wear a corset.
Since the woman will experience severe pain in the first days after the operation, the specialist recommends taking analgesics to eliminate it.Antibiotics are prescribed to reduce the chances of infection.
To reduce the swelling, you should not take a warm shower or bath or allow your body to do any physical activity for two weeks.To prevent capsular contracture, it is necessary to massage the mammary glands, but this can be done no earlier than 2 weeks after the installation of implants.
During 5 days you should avoid sauna, bath and solarium.Tanning in direct sunlight is also prohibited.
Special attention should be paid to the diet during the recovery period.Food should be light and easily digestible.You should include more iron-containing fruits and vegetables and fortified cocktails in your diet.
Complications
All possible side effects are divided into two groups.
early
This category includes the formation of bruises, microhematomas, swelling and pain.Such events are not dangerous for human health and disappear by themselves in a few days.
late
This group includes:
- openingbleeding- vascular damage contributes to the development of complications;
- Seroma- appears, as a rule, a few hours after the intervention, so the patient must stay in the hospital for 1-3 days;
- losssensitivitynipple-areolar complex - often occurs as a result of damage to the tactile nerve;
- Hematomas;
- suppurationAt the place of stitches - the main cause of complications is non-compliance with septic and antiseptic rules;
- EducationKeloidsscars and hypertrophic tissue;
- Rupture ordeflationprosthesis (expiration);
- dystopiaimplants;
- capsularFibrous type contracture.
Each of the above results requires immediate medical intervention.
Augmentation mammoplasty is a complex surgical procedure that requires highly skilled surgeons.Therefore, before making a decision about breast augmentation with implants, you should weigh the pros and cons and take seriously the choice of the clinic where the manipulation will take place.